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John-Paul Bader
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# Users
```
adduser # wrapper script to add users
chsh # change user shell and other info
pw groupadd teamtwo # add a group to the system
pw groupmod teamtwo -m <username> # add a user to a group
/etc/group # file to edit groups manually
id # show group membership for current user
```
# System Configuration
```
cat /var/run/dmesg.boot # show boot log with info about disks and pci devices
kenv # show bios, board and chassi info (dump from kernel env)
pciconf -l -cv # show info about PCI devices of the machine
camcontrol devlist -v # list of attached ATA devices
sysctl # tool to show/set all system/kernel coniguration variables
sysctl -a # show all stystem/kernel configuration variables
sysctl hw # show hardware related info and settings
sysctl net # show all network related info and settings
sysctl hw.model # show CPU model
sysctl net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # disable delayed ack in tcp
```
# System Statistics
```
top # display and update information about the top cpu processes
ps auxwww | grep <processname> # display process status
ifconfig # show and configure network interface parameters
systat -vmstat 1 # show general overview of load, memory, interrupts, disk io
systat -iostat 1 # show disk throughput
systat -ifstat 1 # show network throughput for all interfaces
systat -netstat 1 # show netstat output but automatically refreshed
systat -tcp 1 # show tcp statistics
```
# ZFS
```
zfs list # list all zfs datasets (volumes)
zfs snapshot <pool>/<dataset>@<name> # generic way of creating a snapshot of a dataset in a storage pool
zfs snapshot -r tank@2014021301 # create a snapshot of all datasets in the pool "tank"
zfs rollback <pool>/<dataset>@name # rollback of a dataset to a given snapshot
zfs destroy <pool>/<dataset> # destroy a dataset / remove it from the pool
zfs destroy <pool>/<dataset>@name # destroy a snapshot
zfs set <key>=<val> <pool>/<dataset> # generic way of setting options on a given dataset
zfs set compression=lzjb tank/var/log # enable LZJB compression on /var/logs
zfs get compressratio <pool>/<dataset> # show the current compression ratio of a dataset
zfs send -R tank@snapshot | \ # send all datasets@snapshot recursively to another host
ssh root@[IP] zfs recv -F tank
zfs unmount <pool>/<dataset> # unmount a zfs dataset
zpool status # show health info about currently imported ZFS storage pools
zpool scrub # check all written blocks for consistency
zpool iostat -v tank # show more information about the pool including log devices
zpool add <pool> mirror <dev1> <dev1> # add two disks as mirror to a storage pool
zpool remove <pool> <device> # remove single devices or mirror sets from the storage pool
```
# Software
```
# Ports
portsnap fetch # fetch the latest portfiles
portsnap update # update the portfiles on disk with the previously fetched portfiles
whereis <portname> # show the directory of the portfile
cd /usr/ports/*/<portname> # find the parent directory of a given portname
locate <portname> | grep ports # manual way of searching for ports
cd <portdir> && make install # compile and install a port
cd <portdir> && make config # re-run configuration of a port when available
# Packages
pkg search <packagename> # search for binary packages
pkg install <packagename> # install binary package and its dependencies
pkg info # show list of currently installed ports/packages with version info
pkg version # show which ports/packages are outdated and need an update
pkg upgrade <packagename> # upgrade a packages
pkg which <filename> # find out which package installed a given file
```
# Network
```
/etc/rc.d/netif restart && \ # restart networking and routing after changing the configuration
/etc/rc.d/routing restart without rebooting. Execute in tmux or screen session
```
# IPsec
```
ipsec start # start VPN and establish (auto=start) VPN connections
setkey -D # show extensive Kernel information about current connections
setkey -DP # show more condensed connection information
ipsec statusall [conn] # show returns detailed status information either on connection or all
connections if no name is provided
ipsec leases # show current leases from virtual IP address pool
ipsec rereadsecrets # flushes and rereads all secrets defined in ipsec.secrets
ipsec rereadall # flushes and rereads all secrets defined in ipsec.secrets as well as all
certificates and and certificate revocation lists
ipsec update # sends a HUP signal to the daemon that determines any changes in ipsec.conf
and updates the configuration on the running IKE daemon charon
ipsec reload # sends a USR1 signal to the daemon that reloads the whole configuration
on the running IKE daemon charon based on the actual ipsec.conf
ipsec restart # terminates all ipsec connections, sends a TERM signal to the daemon and
restarts it afterwards
ipsec stroke up [conn] # initiate connection [conn]
ipsec stroke down [conn] # terminate connection [conn]
```